ABN stands for Australian Business Number and means that you are registered as part of the Australian Business Register (ABR) which is maintained by the Australian Taxation Office. The underlying purpose of an ABN is to allow for one single identification number for a company when it deals with government departments and agencies.
ACN stands for Australian Company Number which are issued by the Australian Securities& Investments Commission (ASIC). When a company registers under corporations law, it is issued an ACN.
Whereas an ABN has 9 digits, an ACN has 11.
An ABN (Australian Business Number) is a unique identifying number issued to businesses in Australia. You can obtain an ABN if you are "carrying on an enterprise" in Australia.
If you send someone an invoice but do not supply an ABN then they are usually required to withhold tax from the payment to you. The amount they withhold is normally about half of the invoice amount.
The tax office provides a good overview of what constitutes carrying on an enterprisefor the purpose of getting an ABN. Normally if you are carrying on an enterprise you should get an ABN.
Your ABN is published together with your legal name and postcode on the Australian Business Register. You need an ABN:
Your ABN should be placed on most business documents, for example contracts, invoices and receipts.